Periodic Table
30
Zn
65.38
Zinc
Transition Metald¹⁰ — not a 'true' transition metal; galvanising; ZnO amphoteric.
Electronic Configuration
[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²or1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²
Electron shells
2e⁻n=1
8e⁻n=2
18e⁻n=3
2e⁻n=4
Properties
Atomic number
30
Atomic mass
65.38 u
Category
Transition Metal
Block / Group / Period
d · 12 · 4
Valence electrons
2
Oxidation states
+2
Electronegativity
1.65
Atomic radius
142 pm
Ionization energy
906 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
0 kJ/mol
Melting point
693 K / 420 °C
Boiling point
1180 K / 907 °C
Density
7.134 g/cm³
State at 25 °C
solid
JEE / NEET notes
- d¹⁰ config — not a typical transition metal (no partially filled d).
- ZnO is amphoteric and shows yellow when hot, white when cold.
- Zn²⁺ is colourless (d¹⁰).
Ores & extraction
Ores: Zinc blende (ZnS), Calamine (ZnCO₃), Zincite (ZnO)
Extraction: Roasting ZnS → ZnO, then reduction with coke.
Uses
Galvanising steel · Dry cells · Brass · ZnO in ointments
Important compounds
ZnOZnSO₄·7H₂O (white vitriol)ZnS
Personal Notes
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