Periodic Table
90
Th
232.04
Thorium
ActinoidFertile nuclear fuel; mainly +4 (6d²7s²).
Electronic Configuration
[Rn] 6d² 7s²or1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²
Electron shells
2e⁻n=1
8e⁻n=2
18e⁻n=3
32e⁻n=4
18e⁻n=5
10e⁻n=6
2e⁻n=7
Properties
Atomic number
90
Atomic mass
232.04 u
Category
Actinoid
Block / Group / Period
f · — · 7
Valence electrons
2
Oxidation states
+4
Electronegativity
1.3
Atomic radius
180 pm
Ionization energy
587 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
113 kJ/mol
Melting point
2115 K / 1842 °C
Boiling point
5061 K / 4788 °C
Density
11.72 g/cm³
State at 25 °C
solid
Personal Notes
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