Periodic Table
7
N
14.007
Nitrogen
NonmetalDiatomic N≡N triple bond; inert at room temp; basis of fertilizers.
Electronic Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p³or1s² 2s² 2p³
Electron shells
2e⁻n=1
5e⁻n=2
Properties
Atomic number
7
Atomic mass
14.007 u
Category
Nonmetal
Block / Group / Period
p · 15 · 2
Valence electrons
5
Oxidation states
-3 to +5
Electronegativity
3.04
Atomic radius
56 pm
Ionization energy
1402 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
-7 kJ/mol
Melting point
63 K / -210 °C
Boiling point
77 K / -196 °C
Density
0.001251 g/cm³
State at 25 °C
gas
JEE / NEET notes
- N₂ has strong N≡N triple bond (945 kJ/mol) → inertness.
- Does not form pπ–dπ bonds (no d-orbitals) — anomalous vs P.
- Maximum covalency 4 (only s & p orbitals).
- NO is paramagnetic (odd electron); NO₂ dimerises to N₂O₄.
Exceptions
- • Anomalous behaviour of N due to small size, high EN, no d-orbitals.
Uses
Haber process → NH₃ · Inert atmosphere · Liquid N₂ cryogen · Explosives (HNO₃)
Important compounds
NH₃HNO₃N₂ONO₂
Personal Notes
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