Periodic Table
25
Mn
54.938
Manganese
Transition MetalWidest range of oxidation states; KMnO₄ (+7) purple oxidiser.
Electronic Configuration
[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²or1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁵ 4s²
Electron shells
2e⁻n=1
8e⁻n=2
13e⁻n=3
2e⁻n=4
Properties
Atomic number
25
Atomic mass
54.938 u
Category
Transition Metal
Block / Group / Period
d · 7 · 4
Valence electrons
2
Oxidation states
+2 to +7
Electronegativity
1.55
Atomic radius
161 pm
Ionization energy
717 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
0 kJ/mol
Melting point
1519 K / 1246 °C
Boiling point
2334 K / 2061 °C
Density
7.21 g/cm³
State at 25 °C
solid
JEE / NEET notes
- Shows widest range of oxidation states (+2 to +7).
- KMnO₄ (+7) purple — strong oxidiser; products depend on medium.
- Acidic: MnO₄⁻ → Mn²⁺ (colourless); Neutral: → MnO₂ (brown); Alkaline: → MnO₄²⁻ (green).
- Mn²⁺ (3d⁵) extra stable (half-filled).
Ores & extraction
Ores: Pyrolusite (MnO₂)
Uses
Steel alloys · KMnO₄ oxidiser/disinfectant · Dry cells
Important compounds
KMnO₄MnO₂MnSO₄
Personal Notes
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