Periodic Table
47
Ag
107.87
Silver
Transition MetalConfig exception (4d¹⁰5s¹); best conductor; AgX photography.
Electronic Configuration
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹or1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s¹
Electron shells
2e⁻n=1
8e⁻n=2
18e⁻n=3
18e⁻n=4
1e⁻n=5
Properties
Atomic number
47
Atomic mass
107.87 u
Category
Transition Metal
Block / Group / Period
d · 11 · 5
Valence electrons
1
Oxidation states
+1
Electronegativity
1.93
Atomic radius
165 pm
Ionization energy
731 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
126 kJ/mol
Melting point
1235 K / 962 °C
Boiling point
2435 K / 2162 °C
Density
10.501 g/cm³
State at 25 °C
solid
JEE / NEET notes
- Electronic config exception: [Kr]4d¹⁰5s¹.
- Tollens' reagent [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ → silver mirror with aldehydes.
- AgCl white, AgBr pale yellow, AgI yellow — solubility decreases down.
- AgNO₃ — 'lunar caustic'.
Exceptions
- • 4d¹⁰5s¹ configuration.
Ores & extraction
Ores: Argentite (Ag₂S), Horn silver (AgCl)
Extraction: Mac-Arthur Forrest cyanide process.
Uses
Photography (AgBr) · Mirrors · Jewellery · Electrical contacts
Important compounds
AgNO₃AgClAgBrAg₂O
Personal Notes
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